The Stevens 620 trench gun holds a unique place in firearms history. This pump-action shotgun, produced during World War II, became iconic for its role in close-quarters combat. This article delves into its history, features, variants, and lasting legacy, providing a comprehensive look at this fascinating firearm. Understanding the Stevens 620 requires looking at its origins, design, and impact on both military and civilian markets.
The Birth of a War Machine: History of the Stevens 620
The Stevens 620's story begins with the urgent need for reliable, affordable trench shotguns during World War II. The US military needed a large quantity of shotguns for close-quarters combat, and the Savage Arms Corporation's Stevens division stepped up to the challenge. Unlike the more refined Winchester 1897 trench guns used earlier in the war, the Stevens 620 was designed for mass production, prioritizing functionality and affordability over elaborate features. This approach made it a cost-effective solution for equipping troops.
This pragmatic approach resulted in a robust, dependable firearm ideal for the brutal realities of trench warfare. The relatively simple design minimized manufacturing complexities and ensured a consistent output, crucial given the scale of the war effort. The 620's widespread use significantly impacted the war, establishing its place in military history.
Manufacturing and Distribution
Production of the Stevens 620 commenced in 1942 and continued until 1945. Savage Arms produced a staggering number of these shotguns, contributing significantly to the Allied war effort. The exact figures vary depending on the source, but estimates place the total production well into the hundreds of thousands. This massive output speaks volumes about the gun's importance and the efficiency of its manufacturing process. These shotguns were distributed to various Allied forces, witnessing action in diverse theaters of war across the globe.
Key Features and Specifications of the Stevens 620 Trench Gun
The Stevens 620 is a pump-action, 12-gauge shotgun. Its design prioritized simplicity and reliability. While not possessing the intricate features of some higher-end shotguns, the 620's robust construction and straightforward mechanism proved highly effective in combat. Here's a closer look at its defining characteristics:
- Action: Pump-action, known for its reliability and ease of use.
- Gauge: 12-gauge, the standard for shotgun shells, providing stopping power at close range.
- Barrel: Typically a 20-inch cylinder-bore barrel, ideal for close-quarters combat. Some variations existed with different barrel lengths.
- Stock: Generally a hardwood stock, providing a firm grip.
- Finish: The military versions were often parkerized for corrosion resistance.
- Sights: Simple bead sights were standard.
Variants and Markings
While the basic design remained consistent, several variations of the Stevens 620 existed. These variations often reflected different military contracts or post-war civilian production. Identifying specific markings on the receiver and barrel can help pinpoint the exact variant and its history. Collectors often focus on these subtle differences, adding to the gun's appeal.
The Stevens 620 in Combat and Beyond: Legacy and Impact
The Stevens 620 saw extensive action throughout World War II. Its reliability and effectiveness in close-quarters combat proved invaluable. Soldiers relied on its stopping power in trenches, urban warfare, and other confined spaces.
Following WWII, the Stevens 620 continued to find its place in the civilian market. Many were converted for civilian use, often with features like heat shields added. These shotguns remained popular for hunting, sport shooting, and home defense.
The gun's lasting legacy goes beyond its military service. It represents a pivotal moment in firearms production, showcasing how a simple, robust design can prove highly effective in challenging conditions. Its enduring popularity among collectors and enthusiasts further solidifies its place in firearms history.
Collecting the Stevens 620: Considerations
For collectors, the Stevens 620 offers a unique opportunity to own a piece of history. However, careful consideration is necessary when purchasing one. The condition of the firearm, markings, and any modifications will greatly impact its value. Consulting with experienced collectors and firearms experts is recommended before making a purchase. Understanding the historical context and potential variations ensures informed collecting.
Conclusion: The Enduring Appeal of the Stevens 620 Trench Gun
The Stevens 620 trench gun remains a fascinating and significant firearm. Its wartime history, robust design, and enduring popularity amongst collectors make it a subject worthy of in-depth study. From its mass production during World War II to its continued presence in the civilian market, the Stevens 620 stands as a testament to the importance of functional design and the enduring legacy of a firearm that played a significant role in military history. Understanding its features, variations, and historical significance adds to the appreciation of this iconic shotgun.