The Springfield Armory Model 87A is a fascinating piece of firearms history, a full-auto version of the iconic Model 1903 rifle. While less well-known than its semi-automatic counterpart, understanding its development, features, and usage provides valuable insight into military small arms evolution during a critical period. This article will explore the Model 87A, delving into its design, history, and legacy.
Design and Specifications of the Springfield Model 87A
The Springfield Model 87A is essentially a full-automatic version of the already established Model 1903 rifle. This adaptation, however, involved significant modifications beyond simply adding a selector switch. The existing bolt and receiver needed strengthening to endure the increased stress of full-auto fire. The gas system, responsible for cycling the action, was also redesigned to manage the higher rate of fire. This resulted in a heavier and more robust weapon compared to the standard M1903.
- Caliber: .30-06 Springfield
- Action: Gas-operated, full-automatic
- Weight: Significantly heavier than the M1903 (exact figures vary based on barrel length and configuration)
- Barrel Length: Varied depending on specific military needs and production runs
- Rate of Fire: High compared to semi-automatic rifles of the era, exact figures are not widely documented due to limited production and testing.
- Feeding: Utilizing standard M1903 stripper clips or en-bloc clips.
- Sights: Typically featured standard M1903-style iron sights, often with adjustments for windage and elevation.
Key Modifications from the M1903
The conversion to full-auto necessitated crucial changes:
| Feature | M1903 | Model 87A |
|---|---|---|
| Bolt & Receiver | Designed for semi-auto operation | Strengthened to withstand full-auto fire |
| Gas System | Simple, reliable | Modified for higher rate of fire |
| Firing Mechanism | Semi-automatic only | Added full-automatic selector switch |
| Weight | Relatively lightweight | Considerably heavier |
The History and Usage of the Springfield Model 87A
The Model 87A's production was relatively limited compared to the widespread use of the M1903. Its development coincided with the evolving understanding of automatic weapons in warfare. The need for a full-automatic option in the .30-06 Springfield caliber spurred its creation. However, the M1903's design, while excellent for semi-automatic fire, wasn't ideally suited for conversion to full-automatic. This resulted in a weapon that while functional, had potential drawbacks in terms of weight and controllability. Precise records of its military use are scarce, but it's believed to have seen limited deployment, possibly in specialized roles or for testing purposes.
Limited Production and Deployment
The scarcity of documented use and production figures points to several factors:
- Technological limitations: Converting the M1903 design into a reliable full-automatic weapon proved challenging.
- Weight and recoil: The Model 87A's increased weight and considerable recoil made sustained automatic fire difficult to control.
- Emergence of the M1918 BAR: The Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR) quickly became the standard light machine gun for American forces, largely overshadowing the Model 87A.
The Springfield Model 87A Today: Collector's Item
Today, the Springfield Model 87A is a highly sought-after collector's item. Its rarity and historical significance make it a prized possession for firearms enthusiasts and collectors specializing in military arms. Because of its limited production, finding one in working condition is a challenging endeavor.
Conclusion: A Rare Piece of Firearms History
The Springfield Model 87A represents a fascinating chapter in the development of automatic weapons. Though its production and deployment were limited, it provides a significant piece of the puzzle in understanding the evolution of American military small arms technology in the early to mid-20th century. Its rarity and unique place in history solidify its status as a significant collector's piece for those dedicated to preserving and understanding the past.