The Remington 700 is a legendary bolt-action rifle, renowned for its accuracy and reliability. However, a crucial decision for any prospective buyer is choosing between the short action and long action variants. This choice significantly impacts the types of cartridges you can use and the overall balance and feel of the rifle. This in-depth guide will break down the key differences, helping you make the informed decision that's right for you.
Understanding Action Length: Short vs. Long
The term "action" refers to the heart of the rifle—the mechanism that houses the bolt, magazine, and firing pin. The action length dictates the size of cartridges it can accommodate. Simply put:
- Short Action: Designed for cartridges with shorter overall lengths, generally those with a shorter case length.
- Long Action: Designed for cartridges with longer overall lengths, accommodating larger cases.
This seemingly small difference has significant implications for your choice of ammunition and the rifle's overall characteristics.
Cartridge Compatibility: The Core Difference
The most critical distinction between short and long actions lies in the cartridges they can handle. Here's a simplified overview:
| Action Type | Suitable Cartridges (Examples) | Unsuitable Cartridges (Examples) |
|---|---|---|
| Short Action | .223 Remington, .243 Winchester, 7mm-08 Remington, .308 Winchester | .30-06 Springfield, .300 Winchester Magnum, .338 Lapua Magnum |
| Long Action | .30-06 Springfield, .300 Winchester Magnum, .338 Lapua Magnum, 7mm Remington Magnum | .223 Remington, .243 Winchester, 7mm-08 Remington |
Note: This is not an exhaustive list. Always consult your firearm's owner's manual to verify cartridge compatibility. Using the wrong cartridge can lead to serious damage or injury.
Case Length: The Deciding Factor
The primary determinant of action length compatibility is the overall cartridge length. This includes the length of the case, bullet, and the overall dimensions. Short-action cartridges have a shorter overall length than long-action cartridges. Attempting to chamber a long-action cartridge in a short action will result in a malfunction, likely causing a dangerous jam.
Beyond Cartridge Compatibility: Other Considerations
While cartridge compatibility is paramount, other factors influence the choice between a Remington 700 short action and long action:
Rifle Balance and Handling:
- Short Action: Generally lighter and more nimble, making them easier to handle for extended periods. Ideal for hunting in dense cover or for smaller-stature shooters.
- Long Action: Heavier and may feel less balanced, especially in lighter-weight stocks. They can still be manageable, but the increased weight is noticeable.
Recoil:
- Short Action: Typically experiences less felt recoil due to the generally lower-powered cartridges used.
- Long Action: Usually experiences more recoil because long-action cartridges are often higher-powered. This is especially noticeable with magnum cartridges.
Cost:
Typically, there's little price difference between a Remington 700 in short action versus long action configurations. The significant cost variations come from the choice of barrel, stock, and other custom modifications.
Case Study: Choosing a Remington 700 for Hunting
Let's consider a hunter choosing a Remington 700 for deer hunting:
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Scenario 1: Western Big Game Hunter: A hunter pursuing elk or mule deer in open country might opt for a long action chambered in .30-06 Springfield or .300 Winchester Magnum for the extra power and range. The additional recoil is less of a concern when shots are taken from stable positions.
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Scenario 2: Whitetail Hunter in Dense Woods: A hunter pursuing whitetail deer in dense forests might choose a short action chambered in .308 Winchester or 7mm-08 Remington for its lighter weight, better maneuverability, and reduced recoil.
Conclusion: Making the Right Choice
Selecting between a Remington 700 short action and long action depends heavily on your intended use and preferred cartridge. Carefully consider your hunting style, the game you pursue, and the ammunition you plan to use. Consulting with experienced shooters or firearms professionals can provide invaluable insight. Remember to always prioritize safety and handle firearms responsibly. The choice is yours, but make it an informed one.