The .45-70 Government cartridge, a venerable round with a rich history, continues to be a popular choice for hunting large game and target shooting. Its power and accuracy, however, depend heavily on properly loaded ammunition. This guide provides comprehensive reloading data for the .45-70 Government, emphasizing safety and precision. Remember, always prioritize safety when reloading ammunition. Consult your reloading manual frequently and never deviate from established loading data without expert guidance.
Understanding .45-70 Government Reloading
Before diving into specific reloading data, it's crucial to understand the key factors influencing your load:
Cartridge Components:
- Case: The .45-70 case is relatively large and robust, capable of handling significant powder charges. However, ensure your cases are properly sized and cleaned to prevent malfunctions.
- Powder: Various powders are suitable for the .45-70, each exhibiting different burn rates and characteristics. Choosing the right powder is paramount for safe and accurate performance. Slow-burning powders are generally preferred for optimal pressure and velocity.
- Primer: Standard large rifle primers are generally used. Avoid magnum primers unless specifically recommended in your reloading manual.
- Bullet: Bullet weight, type, and design greatly impact the ballistic performance of your load. Heavier bullets generally offer greater penetration, while lighter bullets often exhibit higher velocity. Bullet design influences accuracy and expansion characteristics.
- Overall Cartridge Length (OAL): Maintaining the correct OAL is crucial to avoid overpressure. Always measure your OAL carefully and adhere to the recommendations in your reloading manual. Excessive OAL can lead to dangerous pressure spikes.
Key Considerations for .45-70 Reloading:
- Rifle Compatibility: Different .45-70 rifles may have varying tolerances and chamber dimensions. Always refer to your rifle's manufacturer's specifications for safe maximum pressures. Never exceed these limits.
- Powder Capacity: The .45-70 case has a substantial powder capacity, but exceeding the recommended maximum powder charge is extremely dangerous.
- Pressure: High-pressure loads in the .45-70 can lead to catastrophic failures. Always use a pressure gauge to monitor your loads.
- Accuracy Testing: After developing a load, thoroughly test its accuracy at various ranges. Note the impact points and make adjustments as needed.
Reloading Data: A Starting Point
Disclaimer: The following data is for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for a comprehensive reloading manual. Always refer to your reloading manual for specific data and safety precautions relevant to your chosen components.
| Bullet Weight (grains) | Bullet Type | Powder | Powder Charge (grains) | Primer | OAL (inches) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 300 | Cast Lead RN | IMR 4198 | 45-50 | Large Rifle | 2.55-2.60 | Start low, work up gradually. |
| 405 | Cast Lead FN | IMR 3031 | 50-55 | Large Rifle | 2.60-2.65 | Heavy bullet, may require a heavier load. |
| 350 | Jacketed FP | Accurate Arms 5744 | 52-58 | Large Rifle | 2.55-2.60 | Jacketed bullets may require different data. |
| 500 | Cast Lead RN | IMR 4198 | 55-60 | Large Rifle | 2.65-2.70 | Very heavy bullet, proceed with caution. |
Note: This table represents just a small sample. Many other powders and bullet weights can be used successfully. Always cross-reference this with your own reloading manual.
Understanding the Table:
- Bullet Weight: The weight of the bullet in grains.
- Bullet Type: The type of bullet (e.g., Round Nose (RN), Flat Nose (FN), Full Metal Jacket (FMJ), Hollow Point (HP)).
- Powder: The type of powder used.
- Powder Charge: The amount of powder in grains. This is the most critical piece of information and must be precise.
- Primer: The type of primer to use.
- OAL: The Overall Cartridge Length.
- Notes: Additional notes regarding the specific load.
Safety First: A Critical Reminder
Reloading ammunition is inherently dangerous. Improper techniques can lead to serious injury or death. Always adhere to the following safety rules:
- Read your reloading manual thoroughly. Understand every step before you begin.
- Use a reloading scale to precisely measure your powder charges. Never estimate.
- Wear appropriate safety glasses and hearing protection.
- Keep your workspace clean and organized.
- Never exceed the recommended maximum load data.
- Inspect every loaded cartridge before use.
- Start with minimum loads and gradually work up.
- Use a pressure gauge to monitor your loads.
By carefully following these guidelines and using a reputable reloading manual, you can safely and successfully reload your .45-70 Government ammunition, ensuring accurate and powerful performance for years to come. Remember, consistent, safe practice is key.