Double barrel shotguns, classics of the firearm world, have enjoyed a resurgence in popularity. Their reliability, simplicity, and inherent elegance continue to attract both hunters and collectors. This in-depth guide explores the modern double barrel shotgun, covering its history, design features, variations, and considerations for choosing the right one.
The Enduring Appeal of the Double Barrel Shotgun
The double barrel shotgun, with its two parallel barrels, offers a unique shooting experience. Unlike semi-automatic or pump-action shotguns, it provides immediate readiness, firing one shot after the other without the need for reloading between each shot. This makes it ideal for scenarios requiring quick follow-up shots, such as hunting fast-moving game or home defense. Its relatively simple mechanism also contributes to its reputation for reliability – a crucial factor in challenging conditions. Moreover, the inherent craftsmanship often associated with high-quality double barrel shotguns adds to their appeal as collectible firearms.
Design Features of Modern Double Barrel Shotguns
Modern double barrel shotguns showcase a blend of traditional design and modern manufacturing techniques. Several key design features contribute to their performance and appeal:
Barrel Configurations:
- Side-by-Side (SXS): The most common configuration, with barrels arranged parallel to each other. SXS guns generally offer a wider field of view and are often preferred for hunting.
- Over-Under (O/U): Barrels stacked vertically, one above the other. O/U shotguns are often considered to offer better balance and pointing characteristics, but can be slightly more expensive to manufacture.
Actions:
- Boxlock: A more robust and durable action type, characterized by its enclosed mechanism. Boxlocks are typically found on higher-end shotguns.
- Sidelock: A more intricate and often more expensive action, with the locking mechanism exposed on the side of the receiver. Sidelocks are renowned for their elegance and are often chosen for their perceived higher quality of craftsmanship.
Choke Tubes:
Most modern double barrel shotguns incorporate interchangeable choke tubes. This allows shooters to adjust the shot pattern constriction for different hunting situations, optimizing performance based on distance and target. Common choke constrictions include:
| Choke Type | Constriction | Shot Pattern | Best Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cylinder | None | Wide pattern | Close-range shooting |
| Improved Cylinder | Slight constriction | Moderately wide pattern | Close to medium-range shooting |
| Modified | Moderate constriction | Moderately tight pattern | Medium-range shooting |
| Full | Tight constriction | Very tight pattern | Long-range shooting |
Ejectors and Extractors:
- Extractors: Simply pull the spent shell cases out of the barrels.
- Ejectors: Actively throw the spent shells clear of the receiver, speeding up the reloading process. Ejectors are generally preferred for faster follow-up shots.
Modern Variations and Uses
The versatility of the modern double barrel shotgun is reflected in the various models available. Here are some key variations and their typical applications:
- Hunting Shotguns: Designed for specific game, incorporating features like different barrel lengths and chokes optimized for distance and shot pattern. Consider the type of game you intend to hunt when selecting a hunting shotgun; a model ideal for upland birds will differ from one designed for waterfowl.
- Trap Shotguns: Specialized for clay target shooting, often featuring adjustable combs and rib heights for precise aiming. Trap guns often have longer barrels and are modified for speed.
- Home Defense Shotguns: Designed for close-quarters self-defense, typically featuring shorter barrels, often with a higher capacity and potentially shorter length of pull. A home-defense shotgun should prioritize handling and ease of use in a stressful environment.
- Collectors’ Items: High-end double barrel shotguns, often handcrafted and featuring intricate engraving and fine wood stocks, are sought after by collectors and enthusiasts. These shotguns are often works of art as well as functional firearms.
Choosing Your Modern Double Barrel Shotgun
Selecting the right double barrel shotgun involves considering several factors:
- Intended Use: Hunting, trap shooting, or home defense will heavily influence your choice of model, barrel length, choke, and other features.
- Budget: Double barrel shotguns range significantly in price, from affordable models to highly collectible and expensive pieces.
- Fit and Handling: Properly fitting a shotgun is crucial for comfortable shooting and accuracy. Try before you buy to ensure the gun fits your physique and handling style.
- Gauge: The most common gauges for double-barrel shotguns are 12 gauge, 20 gauge, and .410 bore. 12 gauge offers the most power, while .410 bore is lighter and easier to handle.
Case Study: A hunter primarily focused on upland birds might choose a lightweight 20-gauge side-by-side shotgun with improved cylinder and modified chokes, ensuring adequate range while keeping the firearm manageable. Conversely, a waterfowl hunter might prefer a 12-gauge over-under with tighter chokes, designed for longer-range shots.
Conclusion
The modern double barrel shotgun represents a compelling blend of tradition and technology. Its reliability, ease of use, and inherent elegance continue to make it a popular choice for hunters, shooters, and collectors alike. By understanding the key design features, variations, and considerations for selecting the right model, you can find a double barrel shotgun that perfectly suits your needs and shooting style. Remember to always handle firearms responsibly and follow all applicable laws and regulations.