Hunting with a double barrel shotgun offers a unique and rewarding experience. Its simplicity, reliability, and inherent stopping power make it a favorite among many hunters, particularly for close-range game. This guide dives deep into the art of hunting with a double barrel, covering everything from choosing the right gun to mastering shooting techniques.
Choosing Your Double Barrel Shotgun
Selecting the right double barrel shotgun is crucial for a successful hunt. Several factors need consideration:
Gauge and Barrel Length
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Gauge: The gauge refers to the diameter of the barrel. Common gauges for hunting include 12, 20, and .410. 12 gauge offers the most power, ideal for larger game like deer (with appropriate slugs), while 20 gauge provides a good balance of power and recoil, suitable for smaller game like upland birds and waterfowl. The .410 is lighter and has less recoil, making it a good choice for beginners or younger hunters, but its power is limited.
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Barrel Length: Barrel length impacts both the shotgun's weight and its effectiveness. Shorter barrels (24-26 inches) are lighter and more maneuverable, making them ideal for thick cover or navigating dense woods. Longer barrels (28-30 inches) tend to provide better accuracy and a slightly less noticeable recoil.
Action Type
Double barrel shotguns come in two main action types:
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Side-by-Side (SXS): Both barrels are arranged side-by-side. They are generally known for their elegant aesthetics and balance.
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Over-and-Under (O/U): One barrel is stacked on top of the other. These are often preferred for their improved sight alignment and potentially slightly better point-of-aim/point-of-impact.
Choke Tubes
Choke tubes restrict the spread of the shot, affecting the pattern and range of your shots. Different chokes are suitable for different hunting situations:
- Full Choke: Tightest constriction, ideal for long-range shots.
- Modified Choke: A versatile choice for both medium and long-range shots.
- Improved Cylinder Choke: Provides a wide shot pattern, suitable for close-range shots.
- Cylinder Bore: The widest shot pattern, best for very close-range situations.
Ammunition Selection for Double Barrel Shotguns
Selecting the right ammunition is just as vital as selecting the shotgun itself. Your choice will depend on the game you're hunting:
| Game Type | Ammunition Type | Gauge Recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| Upland Birds | #6, #7.5, or #8 shot | 20 gauge or 12 gauge |
| Waterfowl | #2, #4, or BB shot | 12 gauge |
| Deer (slugs) | Rifled slugs, foster slugs | 12 gauge |
| Small Game | #4, #6, or #8 shot | 20 gauge or 12 gauge |
Note: Always check local regulations for legal ammunition types and sizes.
Mastering Shooting Techniques with a Double Barrel
Shooting a double barrel effectively requires practice and a solid understanding of fundamentals.
Stance and Grip
Adopt a stable, balanced stance with your feet shoulder-width apart. Maintain a firm but relaxed grip on the stock, ensuring proper alignment with your body.
Aiming and Sight Picture
Proper aiming is crucial. Use the bead sight (or rib) to align with your target. Focus on the target, not the bead.
Mounting the Shotgun
Bring the shotgun up smoothly and consistently. Avoid jerky movements. Your cheek should be firmly against the stock.
Trigger Control
Squeeze the trigger smoothly and consistently, avoiding any sudden movements or jerking. Anticipate recoil.
Safety First: Handling and Storage of Double Barrel Shotguns
Safety should always be the top priority when handling any firearm, especially a double barrel shotgun. Here are some essential safety rules:
- Treat Every Gun as if it were Loaded: This is the golden rule of firearm safety. Never assume a gun is unloaded.
- Always Point the Muzzle in a Safe Direction: Never point the gun at anything you do not intend to shoot.
- Keep Your Finger Off the Trigger Until Ready to Shoot: This prevents accidental discharges.
- Be Sure of Your Target and What's Beyond It: Understand your surroundings before shooting.
- Unloading and Storage: Always unload your shotgun after use and store it in a secure location, preferably with a trigger lock.
Case Study: A Successful Hunt with a Double Barrel
A seasoned hunter, using a 12-gauge side-by-side with modified chokes, successfully harvested a pair of mallards in quick succession. The hunter's precise aim and smooth shooting technique enabled him to drop both birds cleanly with a single shot from each barrel. This highlights the effectiveness of a double barrel when used properly.
Conclusion: Embracing the Tradition
Hunting with a double barrel shotgun is a rich tradition, offering an intimate connection with the hunt. While it requires practice and skill, the rewards of a successful hunt with this classic firearm are unmatched. Remember to prioritize safety, practice regularly, and choose your equipment carefully to make the most of your hunting experience.