The question of whether a firearm remains functional after water submersion is a complex one, depending heavily on several factors. While the immediate answer might seem a simple "no," the reality is far more nuanced. This article will explore the effects of water on different firearm types, the potential for malfunction, and crucial steps to take if your firearm has been submerged. Understanding this can be critical for both safety and legal reasons.
Types of Firearms and Water Damage
Different firearm mechanisms respond differently to water exposure. Here's a breakdown:
Automatic/Semi-Automatic Firearms
These firearms rely on complex mechanisms involving springs, small parts, and intricate moving components. Water can:
- Cause Rust: The most immediate concern is rust. Steel parts, especially springs, are vulnerable to rapid corrosion when exposed to water, especially saltwater. Rust can seize moving parts, rendering the firearm completely inoperable.
- Create Electrical Issues: In some modern firearms, electronics play a crucial role in firing mechanisms. Water intrusion can short-circuit these components, leading to complete failure.
- Impede Function: Water can clog small passages, prevent proper lubrication, and hinder the smooth operation of the action. This can result in misfires, jams, or complete failure to cycle ammunition.
Revolvers
Generally considered more robust than semi-automatic firearms, revolvers still suffer from water damage. However, their simpler mechanism makes them potentially less susceptible to immediate failure. Key issues include:
- Rust: Similar to semi-automatic firearms, prolonged exposure to water, especially saltwater, will lead to rust on the cylinder, barrel, and other metal parts.
- Lubrication Issues: Water washes away vital lubrication, causing increased friction and potential for jams or breakage under stress.
- Ammunition Corrosion: While less common, prolonged submersion can affect the ammunition itself, potentially leading to misfires or other problems.
The Role of Water Salinity and Duration
The type of water and the duration of submersion significantly influence the extent of damage:
- Freshwater vs. Saltwater: Saltwater is far more corrosive than freshwater. A firearm submerged in saltwater will experience far more rapid and severe damage.
- Duration of Submersion: Even a short period underwater can introduce moisture into critical components. Prolonged submersion exponentially increases the risk of rust and other damage.
Table 1: Water Damage Severity Based on Factors
| Factor | Low Severity | Medium Severity | High Severity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water Type | Fresh Water, Short Duration | Fresh Water, Long Duration; Brackish Water | Saltwater |
| Duration | Few minutes to hours | Several hours to days | Several days to weeks |
| Firearm Type | Revolver, simple mechanisms | Semi-automatic, simpler designs | Semi-automatic, complex designs; Electronics |
What to Do If Your Firearm Gets Wet
If your firearm has been submerged:
- Remove from Water Immediately: The faster you remove the firearm from the water, the less damage will likely occur.
- Rinse with Fresh Water: If it was in saltwater, rinse it thoroughly with clean, fresh water to remove salt residue.
- Disassemble (If Possible and Knowledgeable): Carefully disassemble the firearm if you are experienced and comfortable doing so. If not, seek professional assistance.
- Dry Thoroughly: Allow all parts to dry completely. Use a low heat, such as a fan, to aid in drying. Do not use high heat or direct sunlight, which can cause warping or damage.
- Lubricate: Once dry, re-lubricate all moving parts with a high-quality gun oil.
- Inspect Thoroughly: Carefully inspect for rust or any signs of damage. If there is any damage, seek professional gunsmith assistance.
- Function Test (Under Supervision): Only fire the weapon at a gun range, under the supervision of a qualified instructor, once you're certain it is in safe, functional condition.
Warning: Attempting to fire a water-damaged firearm without proper inspection can result in serious injury or death.
Case Study: Saltwater Submersion of a Glock 17
A Glock 17 pistol was accidentally dropped into saltwater during a boating accident and recovered after approximately 4 hours. Despite being rinsed, disassembled, and dried, significant corrosion occurred within the slide assembly after a few days. This illustrates the corrosive effects of saltwater and the necessity of immediate action.
Conclusion
While a firearm may appear to function immediately after being submerged, the potential for long-term damage and malfunction is significant. The consequences of a malfunction can be disastrous. Prioritize immediate action to mitigate damage, and always seek professional evaluation and repair if you have any doubts about its safety and functionality. Preventing water damage is always preferable to dealing with its repercussions. Proper storage and handling practices are crucial.