The Colt Single Action Army revolver, affectionately known as the "Peacemaker," holds a legendary status in American history and firearms collecting. Understanding Colt Single Action Army serial numbers by year is crucial for both collectors and enthusiasts seeking to authenticate, date, and appreciate these iconic firearms. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of how to decode these serial numbers and navigate the complexities of Colt's production records.
Dating Your Colt Single Action Army Revolver
Determining the manufacturing year of your Colt SAA is primarily accomplished through its serial number. However, it's not a simple matter of looking up a number in a single table. Colt's production records span decades, encompassing various model variations and periods of fluctuating production. Therefore, several factors must be considered, including:
Serial Number Ranges and Variations
Colt's serial number system wasn't always consistent. Early production records are often incomplete or less precise than those from later years. This makes dating some SAA revolvers challenging. Furthermore, the company produced different variations of the SAA, such as the .44-40, .45 Colt, and others, each with its own serial number sequence. The following table shows approximate serial number ranges for different years; these ranges are not absolute and should be used as a guide only. Always consult with a Colt expert or reputable firearms appraiser for definitive dating.
| Year Range | Approximate Serial Number Range (Example - actual ranges vary by caliber) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1873-1876 | 1-100,000 (approximately) | Highly variable, records incomplete for these early years. |
| 1877-1880 | 100,000-200,000 (approximately) | Gaps and inconsistencies in serial number sequences can be found. |
| 1881-1885 | 200,000-350,000 (approximately) | Production increased during this period. |
| 1886-1890 | 350,000-500,000 (approximately) | |
| 1891-1941 | 500,000 - (continues, significant variations in ranges) | Later years have more complete records, but specific ranges vary significantly depending on caliber and model. |
| 1956-Present | (Production resumed in 1956; serial numbers continue from earlier ranges with modifications) | Modern production has its own serial number systems. |
Important Note: The table above provides general ranges. The actual serial number range for a particular year and caliber can vary significantly. Consult specialized Colt SAA reference books or online databases for more precise information.
Caliber and Model Variations
The caliber of the Colt SAA significantly impacts its serial number. A .44-40 Colt SAA will have a different serial number sequence from a .45 Colt SAA, even if manufactured in the same year. Additionally, variations in barrel length, grip type, and other features might have subtle effects on dating.
Proof Marks and Other Identifying Features
Beyond the serial number, other markings on the revolver can assist in dating. These include:
- Colt's Patent Firearms Manufacturing Co. address markings: Changes in the company's address over time provide additional dating clues.
- Proof marks: Inspect for any factory proof marks indicating testing and inspection procedures. These marks can offer clues about the manufacturing period.
- Eagle Head cartouche: The presence or absence of certain eagle head cartouches provides information regarding manufacturing years and model variations.
Resources for Dating Your Colt SAA
Several resources can assist in accurately dating your Colt Single Action Army revolver:
- Colt's Archives: While not readily accessible to the public, Colt's archives hold the most complete records. Contacting Colt directly may offer assistance if you have detailed information about your revolver.
- Specialized Colt SAA Books: Several books dedicated to the history and identification of Colt SAA revolvers are available, offering extensive serial number data and production information.
- Online Colt SAA Forums and Communities: Engaging with experienced Colt collectors and enthusiasts in online forums can offer invaluable assistance in dating your firearm.
- Professional Appraisers: A qualified firearms appraiser specializing in Colt revolvers can provide accurate dating and valuation. This is especially important for high-value or historically significant firearms.
Case Study: Dating a Colt SAA
Let's consider a hypothetical example. Suppose you own a Colt SAA with the serial number 250,000. Referring to our approximate table, we might initially estimate this revolver was manufactured sometime between 1881 and 1885. However, without knowing the caliber, this is only a very rough approximation. To refine this estimate, we would need to:
- Identify the caliber: Is it a .44-40, .45 Colt, or another variation?
- Examine additional markings: Check for any proof marks, address markings, or eagle head cartouches.
- Consult reference materials: Compare the serial number and other markings with data from reputable Colt SAA reference books or online resources.
- Seek expert opinion: If necessary, seek the assistance of a Colt expert or professional appraiser.
Through these steps, we can achieve a much more accurate dating of the revolver, moving beyond mere approximation to a more precise determination of the year of manufacture.
Conclusion: The Importance of Accurate Dating
Accurately dating your Colt Single Action Army revolver using its serial number and other identifying features is crucial for proper identification, valuation, and historical understanding. Remember, the information provided in this guide is for general understanding, and consulting expert resources is strongly recommended for definitive dating of these significant firearms. Accurate information ensures that you properly appreciate and care for your piece of history.