The choice between a 5.7x28mm and a 9mm handgun often sparks debate among firearms enthusiasts and professionals alike. Both calibers offer distinct advantages and disadvantages, making the "better" choice highly dependent on individual needs and priorities. This in-depth comparison will examine the ballistics, applications, and overall suitability of each round, helping you make an informed decision.
Ballistics: A Deep Dive into Performance
The core difference lies in the ballistics. The 5.7x28mm, often associated with FN's P90 and Five-seveN pistols, fires a significantly smaller, lighter projectile than the 9mm Parabellum. This translates to different performance characteristics:
Velocity and Energy:
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5.7x28mm: Known for its exceptionally high velocity, typically exceeding 2000 fps (feet per second) with certain ammunition. This high velocity contributes to a flatter trajectory and less bullet drop at longer ranges. However, the lighter bullet means lower energy transfer upon impact.
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9mm: Generally slower than the 5.7x28mm, with velocities ranging from approximately 1000 to 1200 fps depending on the load. Compensates for lower velocity with a heavier bullet, resulting in significantly higher energy transfer.
| Caliber | Velocity (fps) | Energy (ft-lbs) |
|---|---|---|
| 5.7x28mm | 2050 (approx) | 320 (approx) |
| 9mm Parabellum | 1150 (approx) | 365 (approx) |
Note: These figures are approximate and can vary based on the specific ammunition manufacturer and load.
Penetration and Expansion:
The lighter weight and high velocity of the 5.7x28mm lead to different penetration and expansion characteristics compared to the 9mm:
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5.7x28mm: Generally, it offers less stopping power due to lower energy transfer, but its high velocity can contribute to improved penetration through barriers like glass or light cover. Specific ammunition design (e.g., full metal jacket, hollow point) significantly impacts penetration and expansion.
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9mm: The heavier bullet and higher energy transfer of the 9mm generally result in superior stopping power and better expansion in soft tissue. However, penetration through barriers can be reduced compared to the 5.7x28mm, depending on the bullet design.
Recoil:
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5.7x28mm: Generally experiences less felt recoil due to the lighter projectile. This makes it more comfortable for rapid follow-up shots, especially for shooters with less experience.
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9mm: Produces more recoil than the 5.7x28mm. While manageable, this increased recoil can impact accuracy and speed of follow-up shots for some shooters.
Applications: Where Each Caliber Shines
The distinct ballistic properties make each round suitable for different applications:
5.7x28mm:
- Law Enforcement: Used by some law enforcement agencies for its ability to penetrate body armor, although its stopping power remains a point of debate.
- Personal Defense (niche): Suitable for scenarios requiring penetration through barriers, but the lower stopping power requires precise shot placement.
- Sport Shooting: Its low recoil makes it enjoyable for target practice.
9mm:
- Law Enforcement: The most widely used caliber for law enforcement worldwide due to its balance of stopping power and manageable recoil.
- Personal Defense: A popular choice for self-defense due to its proven stopping power and widespread availability of ammunition.
- Sport Shooting: Versatile for a range of shooting disciplines.
Choosing the Right Caliber: Factors to Consider
Selecting between the 5.7x28mm and 9mm depends heavily on your individual priorities and intended use:
- Stopping Power: If stopping power is paramount (e.g., self-defense), the 9mm is generally the better choice.
- Barrier Penetration: If penetration through barriers is a critical requirement, the 5.7x28mm might be preferable.
- Recoil Sensitivity: Shooters sensitive to recoil might find the 5.7x28mm easier to manage.
- Ammunition Availability and Cost: 9mm ammunition is significantly more widely available and generally less expensive than 5.7x28mm ammunition.
- Legal Restrictions: Check local laws and regulations regarding the legality and permitted uses of each caliber.
Conclusion: No Single "Best" Caliber
Ultimately, there's no universally superior caliber between the 5.7x28mm and 9mm. The optimal choice is heavily contingent on your specific requirements and preferences. Thorough research, hands-on experience (if possible), and careful consideration of the factors outlined above are essential for making an informed decision. Remember, responsible gun ownership includes understanding the capabilities and limitations of your chosen firearm and ammunition.