The .45 Long Colt cartridge, a venerable round with a rich history, continues to captivate shooters. While its original military application faded into the past, the .45 Colt endures, particularly in its cowboy action shooting and hunting incarnations. This article focuses specifically on 45 Long Colt cowboy loads, examining their characteristics, performance, and the nuances of reloading them for optimal results. We'll explore various powder choices, bullet weights, and the overall considerations for crafting a reliable and accurate cowboy load.
Understanding the Cowboy Action Shooting Context
Cowboy Action Shooting (CAS) demands a specific type of ammunition: one that's accurate, reliable, and mimics the feel of historical firearms. 45 Long Colt cowboy loads are designed for this purpose. They prioritize low recoil and manageable pressures to allow for fast and repeatable shooting in competition. Unlike self-defense or hunting loads, cowboy loads prioritize accuracy and manageable recoil over maximum stopping power.
Key Characteristics of Cowboy Loads:
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Lower Pressure: CAS rules often restrict the maximum pressure allowed, resulting in loads significantly milder than those used for hunting or self-defense. This means less recoil, less wear on your firearm, and greater shooter comfort during extended shooting sessions.
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Lead Bullets: Many cowboy shooters favor lead bullets due to their historical accuracy and softer impact on targets. While jacketed bullets are an option, lead bullets are more common and typically less expensive.
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Moderate Velocity: Cowboy loads typically generate lower muzzle velocities than max loads, ensuring accuracy and reduced recoil. The focus isn't on extreme speed, but consistent, controllable shots.
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Black Powder Substitutes: While true black powder can be used, many shooters prefer modern black powder substitutes. These substitutes offer improved consistency, reduced fouling, and are generally easier to clean up after shooting.
Reloading Your Own 45 Long Colt Cowboy Loads: A Step-by-Step Guide
Reloading your own ammunition offers significant cost savings and allows for precise customization of your 45 Long Colt cowboy loads. However, it requires careful attention to safety and precision. Always adhere to reloading manuals and take appropriate safety precautions.
Components You'll Need:
- Reloading Press: A single-stage press is sufficient for most reloaders.
- Dies: A set of .45 Colt dies (sizing die, powder die, bullet seating die, and crimp die).
- Cases: .45 Colt brass cases, cleaned and inspected.
- Powder: A suitable black powder substitute (like Unique, Trail Boss, or 700-X) – check your manual for recommended powders.
- Bullets: Lead bullets of the desired weight (200-255 grains are common).
- Primers: Large pistol primers.
- Scale: An accurate powder scale is essential for precise powder measurement.
- Case Length Gauge: Ensure your cases are the correct length.
- Bullet Lubricant: For lead bullets, use a suitable lubricant to aid in smooth seating.
- Safety Glasses and Hearing Protection: Always wear appropriate safety gear.
Steps in Reloading:
- Case Preparation: Clean, inspect, and resize the brass cases.
- Powder Charging: Carefully weigh the correct amount of powder for each case using your powder scale. Consistency is key here. Slight variations can impact accuracy and safety.
- Primer Seating: Seat the primers firmly and evenly.
- Bullet Seating: Lubricate your lead bullets and carefully seat them into the case.
- Crimping: Crimp the case mouth to securely hold the bullet in place.
- Inspection: Thoroughly inspect each round for any flaws or inconsistencies before loading your firearm.
Choosing the Right Powder for 45 Long Colt Cowboy Loads
The selection of powder significantly impacts the performance of your 45 Long Colt cowboy loads. Different powders produce different burn rates and pressures, influencing velocity, accuracy, and recoil.
Here are a few popular choices for cowboy loads:
- Unique: A versatile powder suitable for a range of bullet weights.
- Trail Boss: Designed specifically for low-pressure loads, making it a popular choice for CAS.
- 700-X: Another popular option, offering a good balance of performance and ease of use.
Important Note: Always consult your reloading manual for recommended powder charges and bullet weights. Never exceed the maximum recommended load data.
Bullet Weight Considerations
Bullet weight significantly impacts recoil and accuracy. Heavier bullets generally produce less recoil, while lighter bullets tend to have higher velocities (though this effect is lessened in cowboy loads).
Common bullet weights for 45 Long Colt cowboy loads range from 200 to 255 grains.
Safety First: A Reminder
Reloading ammunition is inherently dangerous if not approached with caution and respect. Always follow these safety guidelines:
- Consult Reloading Manuals: Never deviate from the recommended load data in your reloading manual.
- Double-Check Your Work: Carefully inspect each round before loading it into your firearm.
- Proper Safety Gear: Always wear safety glasses and hearing protection.
- Clean Workspace: Maintain a clean and organized reloading area.
By following these guidelines, you can safely and effectively craft your own 45 Long Colt cowboy loads, allowing for greater customization and cost savings while enjoying this classic cartridge. Remember that accuracy and consistency are paramount in the world of cowboy action shooting.