The .45-70 Government cartridge, a legendary round with a history stretching back to the American Civil War, continues to hold a special place in the hearts of shooters. Its potent stopping power and impressive accuracy make it a favorite for hunting large game, and its availability in lever-action rifles adds a touch of classic charm and practicality. This guide dives deep into the world of .45-70 lever action rifles, exploring their history, uses, and the best options currently available.
The Enduring Legacy of the .45-70 Cartridge
The .45-70 Government (.45-70 Gov't) cartridge was first adopted by the United States Army in 1873, chambered in the iconic Springfield Trapdoor rifle. Its robust design, capable of delivering a substantial amount of energy downrange, quickly established its reputation as a potent round for both military and civilian applications. This round was instrumental in the westward expansion, used effectively against both large game animals and hostile forces.
From Battlefield to Hunting Grounds
While its military service ended long ago, the .45-70 cartridge found a new life in the hunting world. Its stopping power, particularly effective on large game animals like elk and bear, remains unmatched by many modern cartridges. This led to its continued production and the development of many new firearms chambered in the round, including many popular lever-action rifles.
Lever Action Rifles: A Blend of History and Practicality
Lever-action rifles represent a significant chapter in firearm history. Their simple yet efficient operating mechanism allows for quick follow-up shots, a crucial advantage in hunting or self-defense situations. Their rugged construction and reliable performance have earned them a devoted following among both hunters and collectors.
Advantages of Lever-Action .45-70 Rifles:
- Fast Cycling: The lever action allows for rapid reloading, crucial in hunting scenarios where quick follow-up shots might be necessary.
- Reliable Operation: These rifles are known for their robustness and reliability, even under harsh conditions.
- Classic Aesthetics: The lever action represents a timeless design, appreciated by many for its historical significance and aesthetic appeal.
- Powerful Cartridge: The .45-70's substantial power makes it suitable for large game hunting.
Disadvantages of Lever-Action .45-70 Rifles:
- Recoil: The potent .45-70 cartridge produces significant recoil, which can be uncomfortable for some shooters.
- Limited Magazine Capacity: Compared to modern rifles, lever actions typically have a smaller magazine capacity.
- Slower Rate of Fire (Compared to Semi-Autos): While faster than bolt-actions, they're not as fast as semi-automatic rifles.
Top .45-70 Lever Action Rifles: A Buyer's Guide
Choosing the right .45-70 lever-action rifle depends on individual preferences and intended use. Here are a few popular models to consider, each with its own strengths and weaknesses:
| Model | Manufacturer | Price Range | Features | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marlin 1895 | Marlin | $$ | Strong, durable, various barrel lengths | Reliable, accurate, readily available parts | Can be heavy, significant recoil |
| Henry Big Boy | Henry Repeating | $$ | Classic design, various finishes and stocks | Smooth action, attractive aesthetics | Slightly higher price than some competitors |
| Winchester 1886 | Winchester | $$ | High-quality construction, collectible value | Exceptional accuracy, durable build | Higher price, can be hard to find |
| BLR 81 .45-70 | Browning | $$ | Unique controlled-round-feed action | Smooth, controlled operation, excellent accuracy | Higher cost |
Note: Prices are approximate and may vary based on retailer and specific configurations. "$${{content}}quot; represent increasing price ranges.
Choosing the Right .45-70 Lever Action Rifle: Key Considerations
Before purchasing a .45-70 lever action rifle, several factors should be carefully considered:
- Intended Use: Are you primarily hunting large game, or are you looking for a firearm for target shooting or collecting?
- Barrel Length: Longer barrels generally offer greater accuracy and velocity, but they also increase the overall weight of the rifle.
- Stock Material and Design: The type of stock material and its design significantly impact the rifle's ergonomics and comfort.
- Budget: .45-70 lever-action rifles range in price from moderately priced to high-end collector's items.
- Recoil Management: Due to the substantial recoil of the .45-70 cartridge, consider features like recoil pads or muzzle brakes.
Ammunition Selection and Safety
Selecting appropriate ammunition is crucial for both safety and performance. .45-70 ammunition is available in various bullet weights and designs, each suited for different purposes:
- Heavy Bullets (405gr and up): Best for large game hunting, offering maximum stopping power.
- Lighter Bullets (300-400gr): Offer a balance between power and recoil, suitable for hunting and target shooting.
- Full Metal Jacket (FMJ): Typically used for target practice, not recommended for hunting.
Safety Precautions:
- Always treat every firearm as if it were loaded.
- Never point a firearm at anything you do not intend to shoot.
- Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot.
- Be sure of your target and what is beyond it.
- Wear appropriate hearing and eye protection when shooting.
Conclusion: The Enduring Appeal of the .45-70 Lever Action
The .45-70 lever action rifle represents a powerful combination of history, tradition, and modern engineering. Its potent cartridge and robust design make it a popular choice for large game hunting and collecting. By carefully considering your individual needs and preferences, you can find a .45-70 lever action that fits your shooting style and will provide years of reliable service. Remember always to prioritize safety and responsible firearm ownership.