The choice between the .338 Federal and the .358 Winchester often arises when hunters seek a powerful cartridge for medium-sized game. Both offer substantial stopping power, but their characteristics differ significantly, influencing their suitability for specific hunting situations. This in-depth comparison will help you understand the nuances of each cartridge, aiding your decision-making process.
Ballistic Performance: A Head-to-Head Comparison
The core difference lies in the bullet diameter and resulting ballistic performance. The .338 Federal fires a .338-inch (8.6 mm) diameter bullet, while the .358 Winchester uses a .358-inch (9.1 mm) diameter bullet. This seemingly small difference significantly impacts trajectory, energy retention, and overall effectiveness.
Velocity and Energy
| Cartridge | Bullet Weight (grains) | Muzzle Velocity (fps) | Muzzle Energy (ft-lbs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| .338 Federal | 200 | 2400 | 2800 |
| .358 Winchester | 200 | 2200 | 2600 |
(Note: These are approximate figures, varying with specific ammunition loads and barrel length.)
As the table shows, the .338 Federal generally boasts higher muzzle velocity and energy than the .358 Winchester for comparable bullet weights. This translates to flatter trajectories at longer ranges, making it more forgiving for shots at extended distances.
Trajectory and Range
The higher velocity of the .338 Federal results in a flatter trajectory. This means less bullet drop over distance, making long-range shots more manageable. The .358 Winchester, while still effective at moderate ranges, experiences more significant bullet drop, requiring more precise aiming adjustments at distance.
Recoil
Both cartridges produce noticeable recoil. However, many shooters find the recoil of the .358 Winchester to be slightly softer than that of the .338 Federal due to its lower velocity and heavier bullet weight. This difference is subjective and depends on factors such as the firearm used and the shooter's build.
Hunting Applications: Where Each Cartridge Excels
The optimal cartridge depends heavily on the game being hunted and the typical hunting conditions.
.338 Federal: Versatile Choice
The .338 Federal shines in its versatility. Its flatter trajectory and higher energy make it an excellent choice for deer, antelope, and even larger game like elk at moderate ranges. Its relatively lighter recoil makes it suitable for longer hunting sessions. It's a popular choice for hunters who want a powerful cartridge without excessive recoil.
.358 Winchester: For Close to Medium Range
The .358 Winchester performs admirably at close to moderate ranges. Its heavier bullet delivers substantial knock-down power, making it effective for deer and boar. Its softer recoil can be advantageous for hunters who prefer a less punishing shooting experience. The larger bullet diameter offers a bigger wound channel, contributing to quicker incapacitation.
Rifle Selection: Matching the Cartridge to the Gun
Both cartridges are available in various rifle models, from bolt-action rifles to lever-action rifles. Selecting a rifle that properly handles the cartridge's recoil and characteristics is crucial.
- .338 Federal: Often found in lighter-weight rifles designed for maneuverability.
- .358 Winchester: Frequently chambered in robust rifles, sometimes lever-actions, that can handle its power.
Conclusion: The Right Cartridge for Your Needs
Choosing between the .338 Federal and the .358 Winchester hinges on individual preferences and hunting scenarios. The .338 Federal offers higher velocity, flatter trajectory, and greater range, making it preferable for longer shots and versatile hunting situations. The .358 Winchester, with its heavier bullet and slightly softer recoil, excels at closer ranges and provides substantial stopping power for medium-sized game. Careful consideration of ballistic performance, intended game, and hunting conditions will lead to the optimal choice.