The .22 Long Rifle (.22 LR) and the .22 Hornet are both popular rimfire and centerfire cartridges respectively, often used for small game hunting and target shooting. While sharing the same nominal caliber, their performance, applications, and overall characteristics differ significantly. This in-depth comparison will help you understand the strengths and weaknesses of each, making your choice easier.
Understanding the Differences: .22 LR vs .22 Hornet
The core difference lies in the cartridge design: the .22 LR is a rimfire cartridge, meaning the primer is located in the rim of the cartridge case. The .22 Hornet, on the other hand, is a centerfire cartridge, with the primer located in the center of the case head. This fundamental difference leads to a cascade of other variations.
Cartridge Design and Function
- .22 LR (Rimfire): Simple, inexpensive to manufacture, and readily available. The primer is struck by the firing pin striking the rim. This design limits maximum pressure, resulting in lower velocity.
- .22 Hornet (Centerfire): More complex, resulting in higher manufacturing costs. The primer is located in the center and struck directly, allowing for higher pressures and greater velocity. This also allows for more precise ammunition manufacturing.
Ballistics and Performance
The following table summarizes the key ballistic differences between the two cartridges:
| Feature | .22 LR | .22 Hornet |
|---|---|---|
| Cartridge Type | Rimfire | Centerfire |
| Bullet Weight (grains) | 29-40 | 35-50 |
| Muzzle Velocity (fps) | 1000-1200 (approx.) | 2200-2700 (approx.) |
| Muzzle Energy (ft-lbs) | 100-200 (approx.) | 200-400 (approx.) |
| Effective Range | 50-100 yards | 150-250 yards |
| Recoil | Very low | Moderate |
| Cost per round | Very inexpensive | Moderately expensive |
Note: These are approximate values and can vary based on specific ammunition manufacturers and loads.
Applications and Use Cases
- .22 LR: Ideal for plinking, target practice, small pest control (like squirrels), and informal hunting of small game at very close ranges. Its low recoil makes it excellent for beginners.
- .22 Hornet: Better suited for hunting small game like rabbits, prairie dogs, and foxes at greater ranges. Its higher velocity and energy offer greater stopping power and flatter trajectory. It's also used for longer-range target shooting.
Weaponry and Availability
.22 LR firearms are ubiquitous, with rifles, pistols, and revolvers widely available at a range of price points. .22 Hornet rifles are less common but still readily available from various manufacturers, often as bolt-action rifles.
Case Studies and Practical Examples
Case Study 1: Squirrel Hunting: A .22 LR might be sufficient for close-range squirrel hunting, but a .22 Hornet offers better accuracy and stopping power at longer ranges, providing a cleaner kill.
Case Study 2: Target Shooting: For precision target shooting at longer ranges, the .22 Hornet's flatter trajectory and higher velocity provide a distinct advantage over the .22 LR.
Choosing the Right Cartridge
The best cartridge depends on your specific needs and intended use.
Choose .22 LR if:
- You need a low-recoil cartridge for beginners.
- You're on a tight budget.
- Your shooting range is limited to close distances.
- You need a cartridge for plinking or casual target shooting.
Choose .22 Hornet if:
- You need more stopping power for small game hunting.
- You require a flatter trajectory for longer ranges.
- You value increased accuracy.
- You are comfortable with slightly higher recoil.
Conclusion: .22 LR vs .22 Hornet
Both the .22 LR and the .22 Hornet have their own merits. The .22 LR reigns supreme for its affordability, availability, and ease of use, making it ideal for beginners and casual shooting. The .22 Hornet, on the other hand, offers superior performance for hunting and longer-range target shooting, though at a higher cost. Carefully consider your specific requirements before making a decision.