Choosing the right ammunition is crucial for a successful turkey hunt. While 12-gauge shotguns reign supreme, the 20-gauge is gaining popularity due to its lighter recoil and reduced weight, making it a more comfortable option for many hunters, especially those new to the sport or with less upper body strength. This article focuses specifically on 2 3/4 inch, 20 gauge turkey loads, exploring their effectiveness, various shot types, and factors to consider when selecting the right load for your hunting needs.
Understanding 20 Gauge Turkey Loads
The 20 gauge offers a good balance between power and manageability. While it might not deliver the sheer knock-down power of a 12 gauge at extremely long ranges, advancements in shot technology have significantly improved its effectiveness at hunting ranges. 2 3/4 inch, 20 gauge turkey loads are designed to deliver a dense pattern of shot at close to medium ranges, ideal for most turkey hunting scenarios. The shorter 2 3/4-inch shell length is compatible with most 20-gauge shotguns, providing versatility for hunters.
Key Considerations When Choosing Your Load
Several factors influence the effectiveness of your chosen 2 3/4 inch, 20 gauge turkey load:
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Shot Size: The most common shot sizes for 20-gauge turkey loads are #4, #5, and #6. #4 is generally preferred for longer ranges, offering greater penetration, while #6 provides denser patterns at closer ranges. #5 strikes a balance between the two. Your choice should depend on your average shooting distance.
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Shot Type: Several shot types are available, each with its advantages:
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Lead Shot: The traditional and most affordable option. However, lead shot is increasingly restricted or banned in many areas due to environmental concerns.
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Hevi-Shot: A denser, heavier alternative to lead, offering superior penetration and range. This comes at a higher price point.
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Tungsten Matrix: Even denser than Hevi-Shot, offering exceptional performance at longer ranges but at a significantly higher cost.
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Steel Shot: A harder shot that's environmentally friendly, but it can deform easily and pattern less effectively than lead or other alternatives. It also generally requires tighter chokes.
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Choke Tube: The choke tube restricts the spread of your shot pattern. For 20-gauge turkey hunting, a full choke is generally recommended to deliver a tight, concentrated pattern. However, an extra-full choke can be beneficial for longer shots, while a modified choke might be used for closer shots or in dense cover where a slightly wider pattern is desired. Always check your shotgun's manufacturer recommendations for compatible choke tubes.
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Velocity: Higher velocity loads generally offer flatter trajectories and increased range. However, this can also lead to increased recoil.
Popular 2 3/4 Inch, 20 Gauge Turkey Loads: A Comparison
The following table compares some popular 2 3/4 inch, 20 gauge turkey loads. Remember that actual performance can vary depending on your shotgun, choke tube, and environmental factors.
| Manufacturer | Shot Size | Shot Type | Velocity (fps) | Features | Price (Approximate) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winchester | #5 | Lead | 1250 | Good value | $15 - $20 per box |
| Federal | #4 | Hevi-Shot | 1350 | Excellent range and penetration | $30 - $40 per box |
| Remington | #6 | Tungsten Matrix | 1400 | Ultimate performance, but expensive | $45 - $60 per box |
| Browning | #5 | Steel | 1300 | Environmentally friendly | $25 - $35 per box |
Note: Prices are approximate and can vary widely depending on retailer and location.
Pattern Testing: Crucial for Success
Before your hunt, it's absolutely essential to pattern test your chosen load and choke combination. This involves shooting several rounds at a target from various distances to determine the pattern density and consistency. This allows you to determine the effective range of your load and ensure you're making the most of your chosen ammunition.
How to Pattern Test:
- Choose a Target: Use a large sheet of paper (at least 36" x 36").
- Establish Distance: Start at 30 yards, and repeat testing at 40 yards.
- Shoot Multiple Rounds: Fire at least five shots at each distance.
- Analyze Results: Count the number of shot pellets within a 10-inch circle. The denser the pattern, the better your chances of a clean kill. If the pattern is too spread out or inconsistent, adjust your choke or consider a different load.
Conclusion: Making the Right Choice
Selecting the right 2 3/4 inch, 20 gauge turkey load involves careful consideration of your shotgun, hunting style, and target distances. Understanding shot size, shot type, and choke tube selection are critical factors for ensuring a successful hunt. Always prioritize safety and always pattern test your ammunition before hunting. With the right load and preparation, the 20-gauge can be a highly effective weapon for harvesting turkeys.